Inflammatory processes of the gastric mucosa, which inevitably cause digestive disorders, are called gastritis. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates, weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistics, about half of the entire population of our country experiences painful symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet for gastritis
Many people ask: what kind of diet should be followed when suffering from gastritis? This is a very important question, because proper nutrition is the main part of the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. With gastritis, a bland diet should always be followed, and when health improves, it is only possible to return to normal eating habits gradually. In some cases, doctors prescribe a personal gastritis diet.
It is also necessary to remember that with gastritis a lack of enzymes develops, so in some cases it is worth using enzyme preparations, such as Micrazim, together with a diet that improves digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. For different people, these forms can be accompanied by both a high and a low degree of stomach acidity. Acute gastritis is of the following types:
- fibrinous (exacerbated by infectious diseases);
- catarrhal (with a violation of the integrity of the outer gastric mucosa);
- phlegmonous (causes purulent inflammatory processes in the walls of the stomach);
- corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
Chronic diseases, in turn, manifest themselves in the following forms:
- superficial;
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacterial;
- granulomatous;
- autoimmune.
Another form of chronic gastritis is characteristic of those people whose stomach walls are damaged due to the systematic consumption of alcohol in large quantities.
Basic principles of nutrition in gastritis
Remember that the right diet for gastritis is the key to successfully overcoming the symptoms. If the acidity of gastric juice is increased, then you need to eat food that helps reduce its activity. Follow three rules:
- Mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber. Such products include onions, meat with veins and bran. In addition, dishes cooked in oil are strictly prohibited.
- Chemical principle. Avoid foods that can increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, carbonated water, citrus fruits (including their juice), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- Thermal principle. Do not eat food that is very hot or very cold. They irritate the esophagus, and cold food, among other things, stays in the stomach longer than usual.
What foods can you eat with gastritis?
Include lean meats (such as rabbit) in your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken can only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and meals include:
- river fish;
- seafood;
- egg white omelette;
- oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
- milk;
- zucchini, pumpkin, tomatoes, carrots, various greens;
- berries with a high sugar content;
- cooked and pureed fruits.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria, then it is not advisable to prescribe a diet for yourself. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist or a nutritionist so that the treatment of gastritis is consistent and effective.
With this disease, the menu should not include:
- Fresh baked goods, especially rye bread, as well as layer cakes. Instead, it is better to eat white bread, plain cookies and cakes.
- Soups with rich broth, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced with light vegetable soups with potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked dishes, as well as meat with fat and veins. Instead, it is better to eat dishes made from boiled or steamed meat (meatballs, meatballs). The types of meat allowed are chicken and lamb.
- Hard-boiled eggs and fried omelettes. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and a steamed omelette.
- Any salty and spicy dishes, pickles, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and gira.
- Alcohol.
Diet for high acidity
With this form of gastritis, one should not consume too many fruits and vegetables, as they can worsen the health. However, you should not completely remove these products from the menu. Avoid foods that can stimulate the production of stomach acid and choose antacid foods instead. By eating right, you're more likely to lose weight than gain it. Below is a table showing the permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkins, potatoes, beets. Light vegetable salad. Tomatoes: ripe, cut. Cucumbers without skin. | Greenery. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, without skin (banana, pear, apple). Fruits are best eaten not raw, but fried. Watermelons and melons - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickled foods, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (from cow or goat), cream, yogurt. Fresh cottage cheese. | Sour cream, kefir, hard cheese. |
| Soup with dietary broth. | Cabbage soup and borscht in a rich broth. |
| Pasta | Legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and meat with a high fat content, canned food. |
| Oatmeal and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| Soft boiled eggs. | Chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (that has been sitting for a couple of days), dry cookies. | Hard-boiled eggs, fried omelette. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, confectionery with cream filling. |
Low acidity diet
In such conditions, you need to eat differently than in the previous case. One should eat food that stimulates gastric secretion. The table below shows the dishes suitable for remission. If there is severe pain in the stomach, then you need to remove dishes from the menu that irritate the stomach tissue.
Vegetables: baked potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkins, pickles.
Diet for gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should exclude spices used in cooking from the menu. You can improve the taste of food with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Greens will also help supplement your diet with vitamins: try to add finely chopped greens to as many dishes as you eat.
Eat in small portions, but avoid snacks; so it will not be difficult for the stomach to digest the food. Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly. Hastily eaten food can worsen health and aggravate gastritis. Chew your food until it turns into an easily digestible paste.
Do not forget that a proper and balanced diet is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who followed a strict diet during treatment claim that it helped them successfully overcome all symptoms and pain associated with this disease within 4 weeks.
Important: read the instructions or consult your doctor before use.
What to eat with gastric gastritis?
Features of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach lining that causes pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Of all pathologies of the digestive tract, the majority of patients suffer from this disease.
Many people underestimate the importance of timely diagnosis of gastritis and think that it is a minor deviation that does not require treatment. They believe that the disease will not cause any harm and will gradually pass on its own without treatment. However, if treatment methods and diet are not applied in time, the pathology can gradually develop into peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistics have been collected, according to which Helicobacter pylori is the basis of the development of gastric inflammatory pathologies. It is a bacteria that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are just carriers of the bacterium, but under the influence of negative factors, it begins to multiply actively, causing pathology. It is Helicobacter pylori that can cause the development of atypical mucosal cells over time, which will lead to malignant degeneration.
- Eating poor quality food. This includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and excessively salty foods. This type of food aggressively affects the walls of the stomach, causing an inflammatory process. Due to damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to multiply actively.
- Kurenie. Smoking spreads nicotine and smog into the respiratory tract and digestive system. It negatively affects the mucous membranes, causing irritation and increased inflammation.
- High alcohol content. It has toxic effects on any tissue in the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to the onset or intensification of inflammation.
- Stress. High physical and psychoemotional stress. These factors cause the active production of cortisol. As a result, the release of hydrochloric acid increases. If it affects the walls of the stomach in the absence of a food bolus, damage occurs.
If the patient is affected by several factors at the same time, the disease develops faster.
Clinical signs
In the early stages, the patient and the doctor may not notice visual signs. The more damage occurs, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, aggravated by stress, eating, hunger;
- nausea, vomiting that occurs regardless of food;
- constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs by which it can be determined whether a patient has gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent occurrence of epigastric pain;
- point pain in the middle of the abdomen;
- heartburn;
- frequent belching;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- occasional nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- the presence of any gastroenterological diseases in close relatives;
- presence of bad habits (smoking, frequent alcohol consumption, overeating);
- periodic use of a strict diet.
It is impossible to make a diagnosis on your own, because the symptoms can be temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important that the doctor conducts an examination and diagnosis, who will prescribe conservative or radical treatment, depending on the developing lesion.
Diet
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It is better if these doctors work together to ensure quality treatment.
- the degree of mucosal damage;
- degree of spread of damage to different parts of the digestive tract;
- reasons for defeat.
After collecting all the information, a nutritional regimen is drawn up. This is one of the main treatment methods that reduce the load on the digestive tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Regardless of the chosen diet, the gastroenterologist should remind the basic principles of proper nutrition during the disease.
- Separation. The total amount of products that the patient must consume in 1 day is indicated. It is divided into 6 parts, distributing the food evenly throughout the day. That is, the patient must eat every 3 hours. You should not overeat or starve, as these factors negatively affect the condition of the stomach. One portion of food is about the volume of two palms.
- Chewing. Ingested food begins to be digested in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva, which contains enzymes. Therefore, it is important to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You need to sit and lie down for 30 minutes so that the digestion process starts without obstacles.
- Temperature. If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process, eat warm food. It should not be too hot or cold.
- Water mode. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day to maintain a stable water and electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration. Drink water little by little throughout the day.
- Mandatory protein intake. Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Thanks to them, damaged tissues recover faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition of eating too coarse food. It should not contain pieces that can injure the damaged mucosal structure.
- Proper cooking. It is boiled, stewed, baked. It is forbidden to fry or smoke.
- Prohibition of alcohol consumption, caffeine, energy drinks, soda.
- Maintenance of vitamin concentration. If they are normal, the metabolism improves, the metabolism, the nervous system and the digestive tract are strengthened. If nutrients are insufficient, multivitamin preparations are used.
The application of these rules reduces the load on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acidity
Gastritis accompanied by normal or high acidity requires a special diet. It is necessary to monitor the temperature of food: it is not recommended to eat food whose temperature exceeds 40-50 ⁰C. The fruits can be consumed in a puree, steamed, boiled, fried or stewed, or in purees, mousses, jellies, jellies or compotes. It is not recommended to use fruits that contain a lot of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or sour fruits. During an exacerbation, all fruits should be used only in the form of puree. The rest of the time it is better to use:
- apples of sweet varieties;
- avocado.
Fruits with low acidity
In contrast to the form of gastritis, when acidity is reduced, doctors recommend other fruits:
- citrus fruits - prevent the formation of malignant cells, maintain normal acidity;
- pomegranate and its juice help restore the stomach lining;
- peaches - stimulate the production of gastric juices, but they can only be eaten by patients who are not allergic to fruits.
Attention! In case of any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is important not to overload the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet for gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- an increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid is usually used to break down stomach contents. However, it must be within certain limits so that the body's own tissues are not damaged.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- an ulcer;
- perforation.
Gastritis can develop at any age. Long-term exposure to a harmful factor is sufficient for the development of the inflammatory process. If the acidity of gastric juice increases, you need to follow a certain diet that reduces these indicators.
Attention! Many patients know that the use of antacids reduces the acidity of gastric juice. However, self-administration of these drugs is prohibited. They have contraindications and side effects.
When it comes to dieting, it is important to follow certain rules in order to be successful.
- Avoid foods that cause or worsen stomach wall damage. It is a food that contains fiber and solid elements. For example, cereals, buns, bran, deboned meat. All food should be as bland and easily digestible as possible.
- Refusal of any foods and drinks that increase the acidity of hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned goods, coffee, alcohol, soda.
- Eating food at warm temperatures. Do not use boiling water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also not acceptable. The optimal limits are 25-35 degrees.
If the patient's gastritis has flared up sharply and causes unbearable pain, it is necessary to immediately start a strict diet. This will help significantly reduce the inflammatory process and allow tissues to recover. Already on the 3rd day, a person will feel relief. But this is possible only with the additional use of drugs prescribed by the doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge (for example, oatmeal);
- pasta soup with milk (hard pasta is allowed);
- boiled young potatoes without cream, salt;
- reduced-fat milk, so as not to increase the load on the digestive tract due to the high concentration of lactose.
If there is a strong exacerbation and acute pain, each product is added gradually, in small portions. This will allow the digestive tract to get used to it and will not cause negative reactions. But if food causes nausea or increases pain, it is better to replace it with other types of food.
As soon as the acute period passes, the diet is continued.
- boiled, fried eggs, they contain a high concentration of protein (the yolk can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- lean chicken, rabbit, beef meat that can be fried, boiled, steamed (remove the skin before cooking);
- fish and seafood rich in omega-3s, which have a positive effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- milk that needs to be boiled first;
- soups with cereals (any cereals are allowed, except semolina);
- vegetables that are sold in the store according to the season;
- fruits, which are recommended to be consumed between main meals in order not to stress the digestive tract, but not to leave an empty stomach;
- quality sausages;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- dumplings and similar products prepared at home from natural minced meat and a thin layer of dough;
- offal, from which the liver has a positive effect, as it contains many trace elements and vitamins;
- soft cheeses;
- honey, weak tea, herbal decoctions, dried fruit compote.
- bread products, buns, fresh pastries;
- sweets, chocolate;
- Dairy Products.
All these foods increase the acidity of the stomach. Carbohydrates negatively affect any part of the digestive tract, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for Helicobacter pylori to multiply. In addition, chewing gum is avoided, as its use actively produces hydrochloric acid. If there is too much of it, acid gastritis will increase. This can lead to the formation of erosions and ulcers.
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
With this type of gastric inflammatory process, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid decreases. As a result, food is poorly digested, large pieces of food enter the intestine, which causes a heavy load on it. This negatively affects the entire condition of the digestive tract. As a rule, such gastritis affects people 40 years of age and older.
- atrophic condition of the gastric mucosa;
- tissue thinning;
- decreased parietal cell function.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the most dangerous diseases that is difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before a precancerous condition develops.
To correct the pathology, you need to consume foods that will stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. It also needs to increase its acidity so that the food bolus is processed.
Attention! It is necessary to simultaneously increase acidity and not burden the digestive tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to consume fatty, spicy, fried, smoked food, fast food, alcohol, despite the fact that they increase acidity.
- drink 200 ml of slightly carbonated mineral water before a meal;
- chew food thoroughly, gradually eating each piece; the entire meal lasts at least 30 minutes;
- It is recommended to eat acid-boosting fruits between meals, which you can cook in advance to avoid stress.
- types of lean meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, young veal;
- any kind of fruits and vegetables that do not have a coarse fibrous structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broths;
- a small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and baked goods;
- fermented milk products of any kind;
- Canned foods;
- herbal decoctions, tea, berry and fruit compote.
Since milk in any form reduces the acidity of gastric juice, its use in preparing a diet is prohibited.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems among the population. The disease can affect patients of any age. This can be avoided if you follow the rules of prevention. But if the pathology has already developed, it is important to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment in order to avoid complications. Therapy is based on correct and high-quality nutrition, improving lifestyle and giving up bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient, taking into account the degree of damage and the acidity of gastric juice.